How to Clean Up Soot After Fire Damage

Soot may seem like a small byproduct of fire, but these fine black particles pose big risks to your property and health. When there’s a fire, whether a small kitchen incident or a massive wildfire, airborne soot can drift and settle on surfaces inside and outside your business or home. If left unaddressed, soot can quickly lead to permanent staining, structural damage, and potential health hazards. This makes knowing how to clean up soot after fire damage important for keeping your property sturdy, clean, and safe.

Professional Soot Removal Services Throughout the Country

ATI Restoration is the nation’s oldest and largest family-operated fire and smoke damage restoration company in the United States. With more than 70 locations and a 24-Hour Emergency Response, we are ready to spring into action whenever we’re needed.

Equipped to handle soot on bricks, metal, clothing, curtains, and so much more, we are prepared to respond swiftly to calls in every state. Contact us today to request a property inspection and let us help you get your property back to its best condition.

What Is Soot and Why Is It Harmful?

Soot consists of carbon particles created by the incomplete combustion of materials (wood, paper, synthetic fibers, etc.). After a fire, soot particles can linger in the air and cling to surfaces, posing a range of risks. These include:

• Health Risks. Soot inhalation can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and exacerbate respiratory conditions like COPD and asthma. It is also a known carcinogen.
• Structural Damage. Over time, soot’s acidic properties can corrode metals, etch glass, and permanently discolor surfaces.
• Lingering Odors. Soot particles often carry a charred or smoky smell and can easily permeate clothing, fabrics, HVAC systems, carpets, ceilings, and walls.

Using a soot cleaner or a soot sponge may not be enough to fully remove soot from drywall, bricks, and other porous materials, or to remove black streaks on metal. Cleaning soot may also require much more than HEPA vacuuming, homemade soot remover, and OTC cleaning agents—and improper cleaning can cause more damage. It’s always a good idea to consult with a professional before attempting to clean up soot after fire damage.

Proper soot cleaning helps maintain healthy indoor air quality and can help safeguard the value of your property. ATI’s fire and smoke damage restoration teams have the background, training, and resources to get you back on track without delay.

Smoke Soot Removal: Cleaning Soot from Surfaces and Belongings

Before we dive into how to clean up soot after fire damage, let’s talk about how you can do so safely:

• Wear Protective Gear: Gloves, goggles, and N95 or equivalent respirator.
• Maintain Constant Ventilation: Open windows and doors.
• Isolate the Area: Board up and tarp off affected areas.
• Test Your Cleaners. Test store-bought and homemade soot cleaners on a small hidden section.

Essential Tools and Techniques for Cleaning Soot

• Soot Sponge. A soot sponge (also called a dry-cleaning sponge or soot eraser) is a specially designed rubber or chemical sponge. These sponges are designed to pick up loose soot without smearing it deeper into surfaces.
  • How to Use a Soot Sponge: Gently dab or wipe the sponge across affected walls, ceilings, and other surfaces. DO NOT RINSE THE SPONGE. Cut off the sections soiled with soot and continue using the clean portion.
• Soot Cleaners and Degreasers. When soot is more stubborn—or you’re trying to remove black streaks on metal—a commercial soot cleaner, degreaser, or even mild dish soap can help to break down the oily residue.
  • Application: Dilute according to label instructions. Apply with a soft cloth, sponge, or gentle brush. Rinse thoroughly and pat the surface dry to avoid streaks.
• HEPA Vacuuming. Soot can embed deeply into fabrics and carpeting. A vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter can capture microscopic particles that standard vacuums might recirculate.
  • Be Careful: Use the brush attachment on floors, upholstery, and curtains. Move slowly and methodically to avoid scattering soot.
• Air Scrubbers and Industrial Equipment. For large-scale contamination, industrial-grade air scrubbers and negative air machines can significantly reduce airborne soot.
  • Pro Tip: Professional soot cleaning and restoration companies like ATI have the equipment and techniques needed to thoroughly remove soot from clothing, contents, and structural components.

It is important to remember that, even with soot cleaner, a soot sponge, and the best of intentions, it may be impossible to fully remove soot from fabrics and porous materials without assistance. ATI Restoration is here 24/7/365 to help. Reach out today for immediate assistance.

Cleaning Soot from Specific Surfaces

Now that you know more about the tools and equipment needed to safely remove fire soot, let’s look at what’s involved in cleaning specific surfaces and materials:

How to Clean Soot Off Walls and Ceilings

1. Protect Your Floors and Furniture. Lay drop cloths or plastic sheeting to catch falling soot. Remove furniture if possible.
2. Dry Wipe With a Soot Sponge. Gently wipe walls and ceilings in a downward motion with a soot sponge. Do not apply excessive pressure. That can grind soot into paint and drywall.
3. Wet Clean With a Gentle Soot Cleaner. With a store-bought or homemade soot cleaner, use a soft sponge or cloth to clean small sections at a time. Wipe gently and work top to bottom to avoid streaking.
4. Dry and Ventilate. Pat everything dry with a lint-free cloth. Open windows and doors and run fans to circulate air.

How to Clean Soot Off Brick

1. Prepare Yourself and Your Space. Soot can penetrate deeply into brick. Wear gloves, goggles, and a respirator to stay safe. Remove furniture, rugs, and decor around the brick before beginning to prevent contamination.
2. Dry Brush and Vacuum. Use a stiff-bristled brush to loosen surface soot. Use firm but gentle strokes and work from the top down so debris falls away from the clean sections. Vacuum excess particles immediately to prevent resettling.
3. Scrub and Rinse. Look for a masonry or soot cleaner designed for brick. Gently scrub the brick in circular motions, then rinse with warm water. Avoid forceful scrubbing that can erode brick and always spot-test to make sure the soot cleaner does not discolor the surface.
4. Power Wash Exterior Brick. Exterior walls stained by smoke and wildfire ash can be power washed on a low PSI. Do not use high pressure. High pressure can erode mortar and push water and stains deep into the brick.

How to Clean Soot Stains on Concrete

1. Sweep and Vacuum. Use a soft-bristled broom or high-powered vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter to pick up loose soot. Wear a mask and gloves to avoid contact with the fire soot.
2. Pre-Treat Stubborn Stains. Apply a specialized soot cleaner to the concrete and allow it to sit for the recommended time before removing it. Always spot-test a small patch to ensure the cleaner doesn’t etch or discolor the concrete.
3. Scrub and Rinse. Use a soft brush for indoor concrete and a heavy-duty brush for outdoor concrete to dislodge soot. Rinse with a hose or wipe with fresh water until no fire soot residue remains.
4. Power Wash Exterior Concrete. Use a low-pressure setting. High pressure can damage or etch concrete. It is often best to call in a professional soot removal company when power washing is required.
5. Dry and Seal. As soon as the area is dry, reseal the concrete to restore any protective sealant that may have been damaged.

How to Remove Soot Stains from Stone

1. Identify the Type of Stone. Natural stone (marble, granite, travertine, etc.) and manufactured stone (quartz, sintered stone, Caesarstone, etc.) have different tolerances for moisture and cleaners. Soft stones (limestone, sandstone, etc.) absorb soot more readily than hardier stones like granite. Using the right soot cleaner is essential for preserving the appearance of your stone.
2. Dry Removal. Use a soft brush to remove surface soot. Vacuum with a brush attachment if the soot is loose. A soot sponge can help lift fine particles without pushing soot into crevices or natural veins in the stone.
3. Apply Soot Cleaner. Apply a stone-safe, pH-neutral solution to the surface of stone fireplaces and other stone features. Look for products specifically labeled for the exact type of stone you are cleaning to avoid damage.
4. Gently Wipe. Use a soft cloth or sponge to loosen stains. Gently agitate with a soft-bristled brush. Avoid aggressive rubbing, which can scratch or pit the stone’s surface.
5. Rinse, Dry, and Repeat. Rinse with a clean, wet cloth or hose down when possible. Thoroughly dry with a soft cloth and air movers, and repeat as needed to eliminate deeply ingrained soot stains.
6. Seal the Stone. If soot has penetrated the stone’s pores, resealing may help prevent smoke odors. Professional sealing and polishing are best after wildfires, where excessive stone damage is often present.

How to Clean Soot Off of Wood

1. Identify Wood Type and Finish. Natural wood is more porous, whereas treated wood may be able to be wiped down without the risk of staining.
2. Remove Loose Particles. Gently dust with a microfiber cloth or vacuum with a soft brush attachment. Use a soot sponge in a gentle, sweeping motion. Clean small sections of wood at a time.
3. Wood-Safe Soot Cleaner. Opt for a specially formulated wood cleaner. Avoid heavy chemicals. Use a soft cloth or sponge to wipe fire soot away. Be careful! Too much scrubbing can scratch the finish or grind soot into the grain.
4. Rinse and Dry. Wipe with a damp cloth to remove residual cleaner, then thoroughly dry with a soft, clean towel. Allow the wood to air out completely. Wet wood can warp, mold, or become mildewy.
5. Refinish and Polish. If soot has left permanent discoloration, sanding may be necessary before refinishing. For antique or high-value wood pieces, professional restoration is best.

How to Remove Soot from Metal

1. Assess the Metal Type. Is the metal stainless steel, aluminum, or painted/coated? Each will require different care.
2. Apply a Soot Cleaner. Use a soft or non-scratch pad to apply a specially formulated soot cleaner. Apply in circular motions to avoid harming the finish.
3. Remove Black Streaks. Streaks may be oxidized and harder to clean. Let soot cleaner sit a bit longer on these areas to ensure the complete removal of black streaks from metal.
4. Rinse, Dry, and Buff immediately. Rinse with water to remove soapy residue. Wipe completely dry with a microfiber cloth to prevent water spots, rust, and erosion.
5. Inspect for Damage. High heat can warp and damage thinner metals. Structural damage will need to be assessed by a professional restoration company.

How to Remove Soot from Hard Floors (Tile, Hardwood, Laminate, etc.)

1. Sweep or Vacuum. Collect loose soot using a vacuum with a HEPA filter or a broom with gentle bristles.
2. Use a Neutral Cleaner. Harsh soot cleaners can strip finishes and warp floors. Dilute your solution appropriately and apply with a mop or soft cloth. Use light pressure. Excessive scrubbing can push sot into grout lines or scratch wood floors.
3. Rinse and Dry. Rinse the floor completely with water and dry with a soft cloth as needed to avoid streaks or water damage.

How to Get Soot Out of Carpeting

1. Pre-Vacuum. Use a vacuum with a HEPA filter to capture fine particles.
2. Spot-Treat. Apply a carpet-safe soot cleaner or a specialized soot remover to remove stains.
3. Deep Clean. Hot-water extraction or steam cleaning is recommended to flush soot particles from carpet fibers and backing.
4. Prevent Mold and Mildew. Dry the carpet thoroughly. Use fans, dehumidifiers, and industrial air movers to ensure no wetness remains. It only takes 24 hours for mold growth to start underneath damp carpets.

How to Remove Soot from Fabrics and Furnishings

1. Identify Fabric Type and Finish. Different fabrics (cotton, leather, velvet, etc.) require specific care. Always check the tag for cleaning instructions.
2. Remove Debris. If an item can be taken outside and shaken gently, do this first. Then, vacuum with an upholstery attachment to pick up loose particles.
3. Remove Stains. Use a specialized soot cleaner to gently blot the stained area with a clean, white cloth. Work from the outside in to prevent spreading stains.
4. Deeper Cleaning Methods. If your fabrics are labeled “S” (solvent-based), you can use dry-cleaning solvents or foam upholstery cleaner designed for fire soot residue. If soot damage is widespread, professional steam cleaning and hot water extraction can pull embedded particles from the fibers.
5. Dry and Deodorize. Allow fabrics to air dry completely. If the soot smell is still present, sprinkle a light layer of baking soda over the fabric, let it sit for a bit, then vacuum it up. If the smell is persistent, enzymatic sprays can be used to remove the odors at a molecular level.
6. Call in the Pros. For delicate or antique furniture, deep-set soot stains, or lingering odors that won’t respond to DIY methods, professional fire and smoke damage services may be needed.

How to Get Soot Out of Clothes

1. Separate and Shake. Shake clothing off outside to remove loose soot.
2. Pre-Treat Stains. Spray clothing with a soot cleaner designed for clothing stains. Lightly rub the fabric to work the cleaner into the fibers.
3. Wash Thoroughly. Use a detergent formulated to remove oil and grease. Wash on the highest load and hottest water setting allowed by the fabric. Repeat as needed to thoroughly remove soot from the fabric before drying.
4. Dry Gently. Avoid the high heat settings on your dryer. Heat can bake soot into fabrics, making it impossible to remove.
5. Consider Professional Dry Cleaning. Delicate fabrics, vintage clothing, and specialty garments with soot damage should be professionally dry-cleaned.

Common Mistakes When Cleaning Up Soot After a Fire

• Over-Saturating Surfaces. Excessive water can push soot deep into porous materials like drywall and grout. It can also lead to warping and discoloration, and allow for mold and mildew growth.
• Using the Wrong Cleaner. Harsh chemicals might strip finishes or cause discoloration. Homemade soot cleaner or too mild a solution may fail to remove the damage.
• Using Too Much Force. Aggressive cleaning, excessive scrubbing, and high-power washers can damage surfaces, push stains further into porous materials, and cause both internal and external structural damage.
• Ignoring Health Risks. Failing to wear protective gear or properly ventilate a work area can result in exposure to carcinogenic particles.

Why Hire a Professional to Clean Up Soot After Fire Damage?

Even if you follow the “How to Clean Soot” steps above to a T, soot can be surprisingly persistent. Cleaning soot can be time-consuming and risky if you’re not equipped with the right tools and expertise. Having a professional on your side is ideal when you are dealing with:

• Extensive Damage. Large amounts of soot or fallout can affect multiple rooms or buildings. Having a team of soot removal specialists helps to ensure cleanup is timely and comprehensive.
• Complex Surfaces. Soot on delicate electronics, antique or beloved furnishings, expensive fabrics, or heavy curtains and drapes are very easy to damage. Having a soot removal expert handle the cleaning of these and similar items helps to preserve their appearance and durability.
• Persistent Odors or Stains. Strong smells, lingering odors, and dark stains may remain after DIY soot removal. Professional fire and smoke damage services can eliminate these concerns entirely.

If you’re concerned about discoloration, lingering smells, and the potential for structural damage after a fire, ATI Restoration is here to help. Our full-service approach ensures complete soot removal, air scrubbing, and specialized repairs for any surfaces that have been compromised by fire and smoke.

Trust ATI Restoration for Fire and Soot Cleanup

Founded in Anaheim in 1989, ATI Restoration has grown to include more than 70 locations throughout the country. Backed by more than 2,600 employees, we stand ready to assist residential and commercial property owners whenever disaster strikes. Our team of skilled, licensed, and certified restoration professionals covers every phase of the process—from soot removal and decontamination through full-scale rebuilding and structural repairs. By handling all aspects of the project in-house, we can guarantee consistency, quality, and the efficient turnaround you need to get back on your feet quickly.

Beyond our extensive soot removal capabilities, we’re proud to uphold a culture founded on the ATI CARES core values of communication, opportunity, doing the right thing, easing our clients’ burdens, and striving for excellence in everything we do. These principles shape every interaction we have with our customers, ensuring empathy, transparency, and integrity at every step. Whether it’s a small electronic fire isolated to one room or complete destruction from a major event, we are here to deliver peace of mind when you need it most.